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Plant
habit
trees
shrubs
vines / lianas
herbaceous
ferns & allies
grass-like
cactus-like / succulents
aquatic & OBL wetland species
special groups
arums
composites
legumes
milkweeds
mints
orchids
spurges
dicots
monocots
longevity
annual or biennial
perennial
armature
unarmed
armed
leaves/twigs aromatic when crushed
without marked odor
clearly odiferous
Leaves
arrangement/phyllotaxy
basal
alternate
opposite
whorled
fascicled/clustered along stem
blade division
all simple
deeply lobed or divided
some or all fully compound
Flower
ovaries/pistils per flower
1
2-5
more than 5
Fruit or Cone
fruit consistency at maturity
dry/leathery
fleshy
Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Larry Allain, USGS
Species Count: 495
Acanthaceae
Justicia ovata
Ruellia caroliniensis
Ruellia humilis
Ruellia pedunculata
Alismataceae
Echinodorus cordifolius
Sagittaria platyphylla
Altingiaceae
Liquidambar styraciflua
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Froelichia floridana
Amaryllidaceae
Lycoris radiata
Narcissus jonquilla
Nothoscordum bivalve
Anacardiaceae
Rhus copallinum
Rhus glabra
Toxicodendron radicans
Annonaceae
Asimina parviflora
Apiaceae
Chaerophyllum tainturieri
Cicuta maculata
Daucus carota
Eryngium yuccifolium
Limnosciadium pinnatum
Ptilimnium capillaceum
Ptilimnium nuttallii
Sanicula canadensis
Trepocarpus aethusae
Apocynaceae
Apocynum cannabinum
Asclepias tuberosa
Asclepias variegata
Asclepias verticillata
Asclepias viridis
Gonolobus suberosus
Thyrsanthella difformis
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex ambigua
Ilex decidua
Ilex opaca
Ilex vomitoria
Araceae
Arisaema dracontium
Spirodela polyrrhiza
Wolffia columbiana
Araliaceae
Aralia spinosa
Hydrocotyle verticillata
Arecaceae
Sabal minor
Asparagaceae
Yucca filamentosa
Yucca louisianensis
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium platyneuron
Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Ambrosia psilostachya
Ambrosia trifida
Arnoglossum plantagineum
Baccharis halimifolia
Bidens aristosa
Bidens discoidea
Bidens laevis
Boltonia diffusa
Bradburia pilosa
Carduus nutans
Cirsium horridulum
Cirsium texanum
Conoclinium coelestinum
Conyza canadensis
Coreopsis lanceolata
Coreopsis tinctoria
Echinacea pallida
Eclipta prostrata
Elephantopus carolinianus
Elephantopus tomentosus
Erechtites hieraciifolius
Erigeron philadelphicus
Erigeron strigosus
Eupatorium capillifolium
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium rotundifolium
Eupatorium semiserratum
Eupatorium serotinum
Euthamia gymnospermoides
Euthamia leptocephala
Gaillardia pulchella
Gamochaeta purpurea
Helenium amarum
Helenium flexuosum
Helianthus angustifolius
Helianthus grosseserratus
Helianthus hirsutus
Helianthus maximiliani
Heterotheca subaxillaris
Hymenopappus artemisiifolius
Iva angustifolia
Iva annua
Krigia cespitosa
Lactuca canadensis
Liatris elegans
Liatris pycnostachya
Mikania scandens
Packera glabella
Parthenium integrifolium
Pluchea camphorata
Pluchea foetida
Pluchea odorata
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus
Rudbeckia grandiflora
Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia maxima
Senecio ampullaceus
Silphium radula
Solidago canadensis
Solidago rugosa
Soliva sessilis
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
Verbesina virginica
Vernonia texana
Berberidaceae
Nandina domestica
Podophyllum peltatum
Betulaceae
Carpinus caroliniana
Ostrya virginiana
Bignoniaceae
Bignonia capreolata
Campsis radicans
Boraginaceae
Heliotropium curassavicum
Heliotropium indicum
Myosotis discolor
Brassicaceae
Cardamine bulbosa
Cardamine hirsuta
Lepidium virginicum
Rorippa sessiliflora
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia usneoides
Campanulaceae
Lobelia appendiculata
Triodanis perfoliata
Cannabaceae
Celtis laevigata
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica
Valerianella radiata
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium glomeratum
Stellaria media
Celastraceae
Euonymus americanus
Cistaceae
Lechea mucronata
Lechea tenuifolia
Commelinaceae
Commelina communis
Commelina virginica
Tradescantia hirsutiflora
Tradescantia ohiensis
Convolvulaceae
Cuscuta indecora
Dichondra carolinensis
Ipomoea hederacea
Ipomoea lacunosa
Cornaceae
Cornus drummondii
Cornus florida
Cucurbitaceae
Melothria pendula
Cupressaceae
Juniperus virginiana
Cyperaceae
Carex blanda
Carex caroliniana
Carex cephalophora
Carex cherokeensis
Carex complanata
Carex hyalinolepis
Carex longii
Carex lupulina
Carex lurida
Carex oxylepis
Carex reniformis
Carex triangularis
Carex vulpinoidea
Cyperus acuminatus
Cyperus echinatus
Cyperus odoratus
Cyperus pseudovegetus
Cyperus retrorsus
Cyperus strigosus
Cyperus virens
Eleocharis macrostachya
Eleocharis obtusa
Fimbristylis vahlii
Isolepis carinata
Rhynchospora caduca
Rhynchospora corniculata
Rhynchospora harveyi
Scirpus cyperinus
Scleria oligantha
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium aquilinum
Droseraceae
Drosera brevifolia
Dryopteridaceae
Polystichum acrostichoides
Ebenaceae
Diospyros virginiana
Ericaceae
Vaccinium arboreum
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha gracilens
Acalypha virginica
Cnidoscolus texanus
Croton capitatus
Croton glandulosus
Croton michauxii
Croton monanthogynus
Euphorbia corollata
Euphorbia maculata
Euphorbia nutans
Euphorbia spathulata
Triadica sebifera
Fabaceae
Albizia julibrissin
Baptisia nuttalliana
Centrosema virginianum
Cercis canadensis
Clitoria mariana
Crotalaria sagittalis
Desmanthus illinoensis
Desmodium ciliare
Desmodium glabellum
Desmodium marilandicum
Desmodium paniculatum
Desmodium sessilifolium
Erythrina herbacea
Galactia volubilis
Gleditsia aquatica
Gleditsia triacanthos
Kummerowia striata
Lespedeza cuneata
Lespedeza repens
Lespedeza virginica
Medicago arabica
Medicago polymorpha
Melilotus indicus
Mimosa hystricina
Mimosa strigillosa
Senna marilandica
Sesbania vesicaria
Strophostyles helvola
Strophostyles leiosperma
Strophostyles umbellata
Stylosanthes biflora
Tephrosia onobrychoides
Trifolium campestre
Trifolium dubium
Trifolium incarnatum
Trifolium pratense
Trifolium repens
Vicia minutiflora
Vicia sativa
Vicia villosa
Wisteria frutescens
Fagaceae
Quercus alba
Quercus falcata
Quercus lyrata
Quercus marilandica
Quercus nigra
Quercus phellos
Quercus stellata
Quercus virginiana
Gentianaceae
Sabatia campestris
Geraniaceae
Geranium carolinianum
Geranium dissectum
Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrilla verticillata
Hydroleaceae
Hydrolea ovata
Hypericaceae
Hypericum drummondii
Hypericum fasciculatum
Hypericum gymnanthum
Hypericum hypericoides
Hypericum punctatum
Triadenum walteri
Iridaceae
Iris albicans
Sisyrinchium atlanticum
Sisyrinchium langloisii
Juglandaceae
Carya aquatica
Carya cordiformis
Carya illinoinensis
Juglans nigra
Juncaceae
Juncus bufonius
Juncus dichotomus
Juncus diffusissimus
Juncus effusus
Juncus interior
Juncus marginatus
Juncus polycephalus
Juncus tenuis
Juncus validus
Lamiaceae
Callicarpa americana
Lamium amplexicaule
Lycopus rubellus
Monarda fistulosa
Perilla frutescens
Physostegia intermedia
Prunella vulgaris
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
Salvia lyrata
Scutellaria ovata
Scutellaria parvula
Stachys tenuifolia
Teucrium canadense
Lauraceae
Sassafras albidum
Lythraceae
Ammannia coccinea
Rotala ramosior
Malvaceae
Hibiscus laevis
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Sida rhombifolia
Melastomataceae
Rhexia mariana
Meliaceae
Melia azedarach
Menispermaceae
Nephroia carolina
Molluginaceae
Mollugo verticillata
Montiaceae
Claytonia virginica
Moraceae
Maclura pomifera
Morus rubra
Myricaceae
Morella cerifera
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo lutea
Nymphaeaceae
Nuphar lutea
Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvatica
Oleaceae
Chionanthus virginicus
Forestiera acuminata
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Ligustrum sinense
Onagraceae
Ludwigia alternifolia
Ludwigia decurrens
Ludwigia glandulosa
Ludwigia leptocarpa
Ludwigia linearis
Ludwigia palustris
Ludwigia peploides
Oenothera biennis
Oenothera filiformis
Oenothera laciniata
Oenothera linifolia
Oenothera speciosa
Onocleaceae
Onoclea sensibilis
Ophioglossaceae
Botrypus virginianus
Orchidaceae
Spiranthes cernua
Orobanchaceae
Agalinis purpurea
Castilleja indivisa
Parentucellia viscosa
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis stricta
Oxalis violacea
Passifloraceae
Passiflora incarnata
Passiflora lutea
Penthoraceae
Penthorum sedoides
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca americana
Pinaceae
Pinus echinata
Pinus palustris
Pinus taeda
Plantaginaceae
Callitriche heterophylla
Callitriche terrestris
Mecardonia acuminata
Nuttallanthus canadensis
Penstemon digitalis
Plantago aristata
Plantago virginica
Veronica arvensis
Veronica peregrina
Platanaceae
Platanus occidentalis
Poaceae
Agrostis hyemalis
Andropogon glomeratus
Andropogon ternarius
Andropogon virginicus
Aristida oligantha
Aristida purpurascens
Arundinaria gigantea
Axonopus fissifolius
Briza minor
Bromus catharticus
Chasmanthium latifolium
Chasmanthium laxum
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum
Coleataenia anceps
Coleataenia rigidula
Cynodon dactylon
Dichanthelium aciculare
Dichanthelium acuminatum
Dichanthelium commutatum
Dichanthelium scoparium
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
Digitaria ciliaris
Digitaria ischaemum
Digitaria sanguinalis
Digitaria violascens
Eleusine indica
Elymus virginicus
Eragrostis hypnoides
Eragrostis spectabilis
Hordeum pusillum
Kellochloa brachyantha
Leersia lenticularis
Leersia oryzoides
Lolium perenne
Melica mutica
Oplismenus hirtellus
Panicum dichotomiflorum
Panicum virgatum
Paspalum dilatatum
Paspalum floridanum
Paspalum fluitans
Paspalum notatum
Paspalum plicatulum
Paspalum setaceum
Paspalum urvillei
Phalaris caroliniana
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon
Poa annua
Poa autumnalis
Saccharum baldwinii
Sacciolepis striata
Setaria parviflora
Sorghum halepense
Sporobolus coromandelianus
Steinchisma hians
Tridens strictus
Tripsacum dactyloides
Urochloa platyphylla
Vulpia octoflora
Zizaniopsis miliacea
Polemoniaceae
Phlox pilosa
Polygalaceae
Polygala mariana
Polygala verticillata
Polygonaceae
Brunnichia ovata
Persicaria hydropiper
Persicaria hydropiperoides
Persicaria maculosa
Persicaria punctata
Polygonum glabrum
Polygonum setaceum
Rumex crispus
Rumex hastatulus
Polypodiaceae
Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes
Primulaceae
Hottonia inflata
Lysimachia arvensis
Ranunculaceae
Anemone caroliniana
Clematis crispa
Delphinium carolinianum
Ranunculus pusillus
Rhamnaceae
Berchemia scandens
Frangula caroliniana
Rosaceae
Crataegus brachyacantha
Crataegus crus-galli
Crataegus marshallii
Crataegus spathulata
Crataegus viridis
Geum canadense
Potentilla indica
Potentilla recta
Prunus angustifolia
Prunus serotina
Prunus umbellata
Pyrus calleryana
Rosa carolina
Rubus argutus
Rubus flagellaris
Rubus trivialis
Rubiaceae
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Diodia virginiana
Galium aparine
Galium circaezans
Galium obtusum
Galium tinctorium
Hexasepalum teres
Houstonia micrantha
Houstonia pusilla
Houstonia rosea
Mitchella repens
Sherardia arvensis
Spermacoce glabra
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis
Salicaceae
Populus deltoides
Populus nigra
Salix nigra
Salviniaceae
Salvinia molesta
Sapindaceae
Acer barbatum
Acer negundo
Acer rubrum
Aesculus pavia
Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon lanuginosum
Saururaceae
Saururus cernuus
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum thapsus
Smilacaceae
Smilax bona-nox
Smilax glauca
Smilax rotundifolia
Smilax smallii
Smilax walteri
Solanaceae
Solanum carolinense
Styracaceae
Styrax americanus
Symplocaceae
Symplocos tinctoria
Tetrachondraceae
Polypremum procumbens
Typhaceae
Typha latifolia
Ulmaceae
Planera aquatica
Ulmus alata
Ulmus americana
Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica
Pilea pumila
Urtica chamaedryoides
Verbenaceae
Phyla lanceolata
Verbena brasiliensis
Verbena halei
Verbena urticifolia
Viburnaceae
Sambucus nigra
Violaceae
Viola bicolor
Viola sororia
Vitaceae
Ampelopsis arborea
Ampelopsis cordata
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Vitis aestivalis
Vitis cinerea
Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis vulpina
Woodsiaceae
Woodsia obtusa